Full Prescribing Information, including Boxed WARNINGS
Avastin (RPLS) Dear Healthcare Provider Letter (76K/PDF)
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Avastin (MAHA) Dear Healthcare Provider Letter (66K/PDF)

Avastin® (bevacizumab) is the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapy designed to inhibit angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels develop and carry vital nutrients to a tumor.

Avastin is approved, in combination with intravenous 5-fluorouracil-based (5-FU) chemotherapy, for first- or second-line treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum; in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); and for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in combination with interferon alfa.

Avastin is also approved, in combination with paclitaxel, for the treatment of patients who have not received chemotherapy for metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer. The effectiveness of Avastin in metastatic breast cancer is based on an improvement in progression-free survival. Avastin is not indicated for patients with breast cancer that has progressed following anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy administered for metastatic disease. Currently, no data are available that demonstrate an improvement in disease-related symptoms or increased survival with Avastin in breast cancer.

Status The FDA approved Avastin in February 2004 for use in combination with intravenous 5-FU-based chemotherapy as a treatment for first-line metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). In June 2006, the FDA approved Avastin in combination with intravenous 5-FU-based chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have been previously treated for their cancer (or second-line metastatic colorectal cancer). In October 2006, the FDA approved Avastin in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC.

The original Avastin FDA approval was based on data from a large, placebo controlled, randomized study demonstrating prolongation in the median survival of patients treated with Avastin plus the IFL (5-FU/Leucovorin/CPT-11) chemotherapy regimen by approximately five months, compared to patients treated with the IFL chemotherapy regimen alone (20.3 months versus 15.6 months). This is one of the largest improvements in survival ever reported in a randomized, Phase III study of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In clinical trials for MCRC, the following side effects occurred more often in people receiving Avastin plus chemotherapy than in people receiving chemotherapy alone: nosebleeds, hypertension (high blood pressure), proteinuria (too much protein in the urine, a possible sign of kidney malfunction). Additional side effects included weakness, pain, diarrhea, and leukopenia (a reduced white blood cell count).

The second approval was based on results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter Phase III trial (E3200) of 829 patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer who had received previous treatment with irinotecan and 5-FU as initial therapy for metastatic disease or as adjuvant therapy. The study showed that patients who received Avastin plus the 5-FU-based chemotherapy regimen known as FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin/5-FU/leucovorin) had a 25 percent reduction in the risk of death (based on a hazard ratio of 0.75), the primary endpoint, which is equivalent to a 33 percent improvement in overall survival, compared to patients who received FOLFOX4 alone. Median survival for patients receiving Avastin plus FOLFOX4 was 13.0 months, compared to 10.8 months for those receiving FOLFOX4 alone. In clinical trials for MCRC, a small percentage of people treated with Avastin in combination with chemotherapy experienced serious side effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) perforation and slow or incomplete wound healing. In rare cases, serious side effects have been fatal.

People who took Avastin with chemotherapy had a higher risk of stroke or heart problems (blood clots) compared with people taking chemotherapy alone. Additional serious side effects seen in patients who took Avastin with chemotherapy include severe hypertension, kidney malfunction, and nervous system and vision disturbances, and neutropenia (a reduced white blood cell count that may increase the chance of developing an infection).

The third approval was based on results from E4599, a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial that enrolled 878 patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC. The most common Grade 3-5 (severe) adverse events in Study E4599 seen in Avastin-treated patients, were neutropenia (low white blood cell count), fatigue, hypertension (high blood pressure), infection and hemorrhage. Results showed that patients receiving Avastin plus paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapies had a 25 percent improvement in overall survival, the trial's primary endpoint, compared to patients who received chemotherapy alone (based on a hazard ratio of 0.80). One-year survival was 51 percent in the Avastin arm versus 44 percent in the chemotherapy-alone arm. Median survival of patients treated with Avastin plus chemotherapy was 12.3 months, compared to 10.3 months for patients treated with chemotherapy alone.

The FDA granted accelerated approval for Avastin in combination with paclitaxel chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of advanced HER2-negative breast cancer in February 2008.

BOXED WARNINGS and Additional Important Safety Information People receiving Avastin may experience side effects. In clinical trials, some people treated with Avastin experienced serious and sometimes fatal side effects, including:

Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation: Treatment with Avastin can result in the development of a potentially serious side effect called GI perforation, which is the development of a hole in the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine. In clinical trials, this event occurred in more people who received Avastin than in the comparison group (0.3% to 2.4%). In some cases, GI perforation resulted in fatality. Avastin therapy should be permanently stopped if GI perforation occurs.

Surgery and wound healing problems: Treatment with Avastin can lead to slow or incomplete wound healing (for example, when a surgical incision has trouble healing or staying closed). In some cases, this event resulted in fatality. Surgery and wound healing problems occurred more often in people who received Avastin than in the comparison group. Avastin therapy should not be started for at least 28 days after surgery and until the surgical wound is fully healed. The length of time between stopping Avastin and having voluntary surgery without the risk of having surgery and wound healing problems has not been determined. Treatment with Avastin should be stopped at least 28 days before voluntary surgery and in people with surgery and wound healing problems that require medical treatment.

Severe bleeding: Treatment with Avastin can result in serious bleeding, including coughing up blood, bleeding in the stomach, vomiting of blood, bleeding in the brain, nosebleeds, and vaginal bleeding. These events occurred up to 5 times more often in people who received Avastin. Across cancer types, 1.2% to 4.6% of people who received Avastin experienced severe to fatal bleeding. People who have recently coughed up blood (greater than or equal to a half teaspoon of red blood) or have serious bleeding should not receive Avastin. Treatment with Avastin should be permanently stopped if serious bleeding occurs (ie, requiring medical attention).

In clinical trials for different cancer types, there were additional serious and sometimes fatal side effects that occurred in more people who received Avastin than in those in the comparison group. The formation of an abnormal passage from parts of the body to another part (non-GI fistula formation) was seen in 0.3% or less of people. Severe to life threatening stroke or heart problems were seen in 2.4% of people. Too much protein in the urine, which led to kidney problems, was seen in less than 1% of people. Additional serious side effects that occurred in more people who received Avastin than those in the comparison group included severe to life-threatening high blood pressure, which was seen in 5% to 18% of people, and nervous system and vision disturbances (reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome), which was seen in less than 0.1% of people. Infusion reactions with the first dose of Avastin were uncommon and occurred in less than 3% of people, and severe reactions occurred in 0.2% of people.

Common side effects that occurred in more than 10% of people who received Avastin for different cancer types, and at least twice the rate of the comparison group, were nosebleeds, headache, high blood pressure, inflammation of the nose, too much protein in the urine, taste change, dry skin, rectal bleeding, tear production disorder, back pain, and inflammation of the skin (exfoliative dermatitis). Across all trials, treatment with Avastin was permanently stopped in 8.4% to 21% of people because of side effects.

Avastin may impair fertility. Patients who are pregnant or thinking of becoming pregnant should talk with their doctor about the potential risk of loss of the pregnancy or the potential risk of Avastin to the fetus during and following Avastin therapy, and the need to continue an effective birth control method for at least 6 months following the last dose of Avastin.

First-line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer In the first-line metastatic colorectal cancer trial, the most common severe to life-threatening side effects that increased by 2% or more in people who received Avastin plus IFL (chemotherapy) vs IFL (chemotherapy) alone were weakness (10% vs 7%), abdominal pain (8% vs 5%), pain (8% vs 5%), high blood pressure (12% vs 2%), blood clots in the veins of the body (9% vs 5%), blood clots inside the abdomen (3% vs 1%), a brief loss of consciousness (3% vs 1%), diarrhea (34% vs 25%), constipation (4% vs 2%), reduced white blood cell counts (37% vs 31%), and reduced white blood cell counts that may increase the chance of infection (21% vs 14%).

Second-line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer In the second-line metastatic colorectal cancer trial, the most common severe to life-threatening and fatal side effects that increased by 2% or more in people who received Avastin plus FOLFOX4 (chemotherapy) vs FOLFOX4 (chemotherapy) alone were diarrhea (18% vs 13%), nausea (12% vs 5%), vomiting (11% vs 4%), dehydration (10% vs 5%), blockage of the bowel (4% vs 1%), numbness and tingling in fingers and toes (17% vs 9%), nervous system disturbances (5% vs 3%), tiredness (19% vs 13%), abdominal pain (8% vs 5%), headache (3% vs 0%), high blood pressure (9% vs 2%), and severe bleeding (5% vs 1%).

Metastatic Kidney Cancer In the metastatic kidney cancer trial, the most common severe to fatal side effects that increased by 2% or more in people who received Avastin vs those in the comparison group included tiredness (13% vs 8%), weakness (10% vs 7%), too much protein in the urine (7% vs 0%), high blood pressure (6% vs 1%), and severe bleeding (3% vs 0.3%).

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer In the non-small cell lung cancer trial, the most common life-threatening to fatal side effects that increased by 2% or more in people who received Avastin vs those in the comparison group were reduced white blood cell counts (27% vs 17%), tiredness (16% vs 13%), high blood pressure (8% vs 0.7%), infection without reduced white blood cell counts (7% vs 3%), blood clots in the veins of the body (5% vs 3%), fever with reduced white blood cell counts (5% vs 2%), inflammation of the lungs (5% vs 3%), infection with severe or life-threatening reduced white blood cell counts (4% vs 2%), low sodium levels in the blood that could lead to seizure or coma.

For full Prescribing Information and Boxed WARNINGS on Avastin, please visit http://www.avastin.com.

Proposed Mechanism of Action Avastin is a therapeutic antibody that is believed to work by targeting and inhibiting the function of a natural protein called "vascular endothelial growth factor" (VEGF) that stimulates new blood vessel formation, a process known as angiogenesis. Researchers have shown in preclinical models that anti-VEGF agents like Avastin may work by causing the following changes to occur in the blood vessels supporting tumor growth (tumor vasculature):

• Regression of existing microvessels — helps arrest tumor growth and reduce tumor size
• "Normalization" of surviving mature vasculature — makes the tumor vasculature more conducive to effective anti-cancer therapy
• Inhibition of vessel growth and neovascularization (e.g., the sprouting of new micro-vasculature from existing vessels)

Colorectal Cancer According to the American Cancer Society, every ten minutes someone dies from colorectal cancer in the United States. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. and the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both men and women in the U.S. The ACS estimates there will be 148,000 new cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed and nearly 50,000 colorectal cancer deaths in 2008. Colorectal cancer begins in either the colon or the rectum. The colon and rectum form part of the body's digestive system, which separates nutrients and waste from food and stores the latter until it can be passed out of the body. The colon has four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon and the sigmoid colon. Cancer can start in any portion of the colon or the rectum. About 95 percent of colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are cancers of the cells lining the inside of the colon and rectum.

Lung Cancer Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, with newly diagnosed cases expected to exceed 215,000 in the U.S. this year. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for approximately 30 percent of all cancer deaths (more than breast, colon and liver cancers combined) expected to occur in the U.S. this year. In 2005, lung cancer killed an estimated 1.3 million people worldwide.

Breast Cancer According to the American Cancer Society, in 2008 an estimated 182,000 American women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Currently, there are approximately 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States.

Clinical Trials Based on data showing that VEGF may play a broad role in a range of cancers, a global development program for Avastin currently includes more than 450 clinical trials in more than 30 different tumor types, including early-stage cancers. It is also being studied in combination with other targeted therapy agents in the absence of chemotherapy.